Since the 19th century cows have been the poster child for homesteads and farms. Being a large animal cows can weigh over 1,200 pounds, and therefore, require a large amount of food. You will need at least 2 acres of high quality, well drained pasture, a well ventilated, roomy shed, and a place to store several tons of hay and straw. Find out if artificial insemination is locally available; as your cow will only produce milk if bred once a year. The cow of your choice should be gentle, used to being milked. A cow carrying its first calf is a good financial choice for beginners. However, it cannot be milked until after the calf has been born, granting you ample time to get used to cow-tending chores. Another fair choice is a 4 or 5 year old cow in its second or third year of milking. If you have the experience, patience, and time you could buy a three-day-old calf. The cow should have a trim body, clear eyes, and smooth, elastic udder with no lumps; veins are a sign of a good producer. If possible observe the cow being milked and watch for signs like stringy milk, clots, or blood. The breeder should have proof that the cow is free from tuberculosis and brucellosis. They should also guarantee in writing that the cow is able to have calves.
Feeding
Cows can get most of their nutrients from grasses and leaves. Their pasture should also contain legumes such as clover, alfalfa, or lespedeza to allow prolonged milk production. To get the most out of their food the plants must be consumed when they are tender and green. Rotating the pasture may be necessary. During winter months cows must be fed hay, which should also be tender and green. 2 to 3 pounds of high-quality hay per 100 pounds of body weight should be fed daily. Providing a mixture of grain and high-protein meal can boost productivity and supplement average-quality hay or pasturage. Ground corn, oats, barley, and wheat bran are the most popular choices of grain. High-protein meal is the pulp left over from extracting oil from cottonseed, linseed, soybeans, or peanuts. Feed stores sell these mixed in proper proportion for lactating cows. Provide the high-protein mixture twice a day. Also make any changes to their diet gradually or risk the cow(s) developing bloat.
Housing
A simple three-side shed provides the perfect environment for a cow. Have the open front facing away from prevailing winds-usually toward the east or south-the shed allows plenty of ventilation. A cow can be milked just about anywhere a easy-to-clean area close to where it sleeps will make the job easier.